Essay on Propaganda, Stereotypes, and the War on Drugs

Propaganda, Stereotypes, and the War on Drugs The West has constantly been fighting the use of illegal drugs for decades by Propaganda. Propaganda ‘is a form of manipulative communication designed to elicit some predetermined response’ (Inge, 1981, 322). Governments have been using many propagandistic methods to reduce the consumption of illegal drugs such as marginalization or creating stereotypes. By creating a certain stereotype for the drug users and dealers, governments believe that people would try to avoid drugs so they won’t fit the stereotype. Extensive researche has been performed on this issue and there was no support that this propaganda tactic made a significant difference in the use of illegal drugs. To understand†¦show more content†¦The media indirectly tells us, â€Å"do you want to look like those dirty, Lazy Mexicans, or those rapists?† Another propaganda technique to convince the public against the use of drugs is by relating it to crime (Solomon,1968, 126) and terrorism. A month after the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, Tony Blair stated in his speech that ninety percent of heroin sold in Brittan was imported from Afghanistan. Using the stereotype that people from Afghanistan were terrorists, Tony Blair connected drugs and heroin with terrorism and that buying drugs from Afghanistan is an indirect tool for their terrorism. Blair states that; â€Å"The arms the Taliban are buying today are paid for with the lived of young British people buying their drugs on British streets†¦ That is another part of their regime that we should seek to destroy† (Fitzpatrick, 2001). Blair’s thesis is that the â€Å"War on Drugs† is really the â€Å"War on terrorism† and if one is patriotic, he/she would stay away from buying drugs since it benefits the real enemy which is terrorism. In the last decade, drug use has been very high which elicited the government to take a stronger stand. Drug awareness programs were held in schools which over-exaggerated the harm of drugs and ‘drug dealers are often portrayed as predators preying on the misery of their customers’ (Preston, 2001). Drug users on the other hand are portrayed as beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stanley Cohen s Folk Devils And Moral Panics 1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of media can create unnecessary panic about a range of different subjects, one of the most popular being drugs. At around the same time as Cohen’s original research and study, a man named Jock Young, another sociologist and criminologist (and a co-author with Cohen of later studies including The Manufacture of News 1981), explored the moral panic that developed around the drug use of ‘hippies’ in the mid to late-60s. In particular he researched and examined the social reaction to the useRead MoreMass Media and Stereotypes710 Words   |  3 Pagesof stereotypes in our present-day world, by broadcasting information and entertainment to a variety of audiences. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a common understanding of a person or group of people. Media ranges from television, press, books, radio, and the internet. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is described as manipulation. It is a powerful factor that influences our beliefs and attitudes about others. Race, gender, and economic (class status) stereotypes continueRead MoreTension Rises As A Horrible Truth925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween drug use Public Service Announcements (PSA) and the creative arts field. This ad campaign, simply known as the â€Å"Talk to Your Kids About Art School† is a deceptively simple series of ads that play on expectations and engages the reader to pique their interest in something they may do for ‘fun’ and turn that into a career. It is impossible to fully comprehend this ironic ad without understanding drug culture in the United States and the concept of a Public Service Announcement. Anti-drug PSAsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal?989 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of what people think of as a typical stereotypes pot smokers. This imbalance is a lazy unmotivated American view is that private over seventy years of propaganda and misleading interest, disseminate the results of marijuana who need their own personal interests is illegal. As a former administrator of cannabis consumption and current site of action of cannabis, I firmly believe that marijuana should be legalized for various purposes. Drug war and all levels of society deal. Each year, theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe legalization of marijuana has always been both a social and political issue. As of currently the direction of most debates about marijuana concern drug liberalization as the nation gets more and more progressive with marijuana. Quite recently, a few states have went forward and legalized marijuana for recreational use, and even Canada has taken its first step towards marijuana legalization. According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan organization that provides informationRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil War On Drugs1342 Words   |  6 Pages1700s in the United States for people of African descent. Many equate the war on drugs as the beginning of the use of the term â€Å"racial profiling.† The war on drugs gained momentum in the 1980s, with the introduction of crack cocaine into black communities. Thus the most recent incarnation of the â€Å"Racial Profiling† began in 1982 under Ronald Reagan â€Å"War on Drugs† (while drug use and crimes were on the decline) (5). The drug war was primarily fought from partisan political motives as a show of forceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin 1058 Words   |  5 Pagesplease with him...† (Stowe 13). To challenge or ban a book means to censor information under the best intentions or try to prevent ‘inappropriate’ topics from being released to the public. Books are banned in America because of litigious topics such as drug use, homosexuality, cultural insensitivity, sexual content, political viewpoint, religion, or other controversial topics. Uncle Tom’s Cabin gives the reader an insight into the lives of a group of fictitious slaves as they tend to their ‘masters’ andRead MoreThe Identity Of The Zoot Suit Riots2424 Words   |  10 Pagesgenerated stereotypes of the Pachucos and zoot suits, which were eventually transferred to all Mexican Americans. Many young men like Vicente Morales were attacked, humiliated, and stripped from their fashionable clothes by servicemen. However, to what extent did the fashionable expression of the zooters and the culture of the Pachucos influence the Zoot Suit Riots? An important factor, which contributed to the Zoot Suit Riots, was the influence of the media. Newspapers and propaganda began to detrimentRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of Sterotyping Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping, which can be used positively and negatively, is something everyone uses every day; it is found in our humor, how people describe one another, and beliefs. People stereotype without knowing it; it is a way we use to help us understand a group. The problem with stereotyping is that it’s a self –opinion about a group, not an individual. Everyone has their own unique and distinct personalities, just as everyone has their own fingerprints so it is unfair to be judged quickly by people whoRead MoreWhen An Individual Has Lung Cancer, There Is An Immediate1411 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypical portrayals and mass media characterization of people with mental disorders. First, one must understand the reasons and origins of mental illnesses. Individuals with mental disorders/illnesses may suffer from child abuse, sexual abuse, drug abuse, psychological trauma, childhood trauma, may have a family history of a relative having a mental disorder, or may suffer from behavior/personality disorders; a mental disorder never simply happens. Despite the occurrence of a mental disorder

Fahrenheit 451 The Struggle For Freedom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 984 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? In the book Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, Montag never got to experience the knowledge and truths held in books, especially because his job was to burn them. This knowledge from books gave you a type of power that no one else could ever achieve without doing one simple thing; reading. This was normal, though, and no one ever really saw reading as an option. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fahrenheit 451 The Struggle For Freedom" essay for you Create order People living in this society were taught that books were dangerous, almost poisonous, and everyones freedom of choice was being taken away, without them even noticing, or caring for that matter. Bradbury addresses these struggles through character metamorphosis, wisdom, and character dialogue. Mindless stimulation and titillation do not create lasting satisfaction. This means that living a half-life does not bring happiness. You have to think and process things to be able to live a full life. For example, Montag thought he was happy being a fireman, but realized it was just society telling him he needed to be. This realization came to mind because his friend, Clarisse asked him is he was happy, He felt his smile slide away, melt, fold, over and down on itself like a tallow skin, like the stuff of a fantastic candle burning too long and now collapsing and now blown out. Darkness. He was not happy. He said the words to himself. He recognized this as the true state of affairs. He wore his happiness like a mask and the girl had run off across the lawn with the mask and there was no way of going to knock on her door and ask for it back. Montag admitted to himself that he wasnt happy, and everything changed. Bradbury might be trying to emphasize the wisdom that you cant gain hap piness from a fake type of lifestyle. This moment leads to Montag standing up for himself, fighting for his freedom from societal norms and laws, and his acts of rebellions. Also, Montag, when alone and completely himself, the fake smile we wear and the fake happiness he has completely faded away. He felt his smile slide away, melt, fold, over and down on itself like a tallow skin, like the stuff of a fantastic candle burning too long and now collapsing and now blown out. This shows the transparency of his happiness and how hes almost living a fake life. Some things are worth fighting and even dying for. In time and setting in this book, books are illegal. Although, some people read them anyway, and after discovering ways to find freedom, they would do anything to not have it taken away from them. For example, On the front porch where she had come to weigh them quietly with her eyes, her quietness a condemnation, the woman stood motionless. Beatty flicked his fingers to spark the kerosene. He was too late. Montag gasped. The woman on the porch reached out with contempt to them all and struck the kitchen match against the railing. People ran out of houses all down the street. This part in the book is important to Montag because he started to question everything and wonder things hes never wondered before. He realized that after the woman discovered books, she refused to go back to the world without them. So, after getting caught, she felt she had nothing to live for if her books were to get destroyed. Sooner or later, he would become just like her. Montag, later on, fights for books too by standing up for them. all writhing flame on the lawn as Montag shot one continuous pulse of liquid fire on him. There was a hiss, some great mouthful of spittle banging a red-hot stove, bubbling and frothing as if salt had been poured over a monstrous black snail to cause a terrible liquefaction and a boiling over a yellow foam. Montag was so desperate to fight for books, that he ended up killing Beatty. This affected Montag in many ways and even though he felt guilty, he still felt it was the right thing to do. Montags metamorphosis was drastically changed throughout time. He started off a fireman who burned books and followed societies rule. He never questioned anything and never thought twice about what he was told to do. For example, It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history. Montag used to enjoy burning books and burning knowledge because he didnt see the significance in reading them. At the end of the book, Montag reads and enjoys books. He starts to rebel, and that lead to Montag doing unusual, and out of the ordinary things. For example, He hobbled around the ruins, seizing at his bad leg when it lagged, talking and whimper ing and shouting directions at it cursing it and pleading with it to work for him now when it was vital. After killing Beatty, Montag fled town. All these events are a result of his reading books. He struggles for freedom because he wants to be able to read books freely without the fear of getting caught, but his society doesnt allow it. All in all, all of these wisdoms and the knowledge gained contributed to almost every characters metamorphosis. All of the struggles for freedom, such as the oppression of thought, led to the gain of logic and courage, instilled into most of the characters. In the end, the characters that didnt question their society ended up dying, and the ones who did ended up being somewhat successful in finding the freedom they had been desiring.

Nursing Informative Essay - 1020 Words

Nursing Informative Essay Imagine just for a minute being in a hospital. Have you ever wondered who is always taking care of different patients almost at the same time? Or how it is possible that medicine is so advanced compared to years before? I have the answer. The nurse is the person in charge of taking care of patients, and medicine is so advanced thanks to the technology we have nowadays. I chose to be a Registered Nurse (RN), but I know is not an easy job because they have to perform different job duties. Not everyone can become a nurse, in fact, to be one, you need some requisites first. Afterward, medicine has become improved because of the advances we have on technology. When people choose Registered Nursed (R.N.) as their†¦show more content†¦Now, medicine is much more advanced than it was years before thanks to technology. Lawrence K. Altman, a New York Times reporter says in an article called â€Å"So Many Advances in Medicine, So Many Yet to Come† that â€Å"it is clear that te chnology has accounted for the greatest changes in medicine† and some of the things technology has contributed with are mentioned next. â€Å"Technology has improved laboratory testing; allowed for the development of CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging exams and positron emission tomography, or PET, imaging to improve diagnostic accuracy; and produced new drugs and devices† said Lawrence K. Altman. Technology has also contributed to develop â€Å"better nursing care, newer antibiotics, transfusions of platelets to prevent bleeding, and the insertion of monitoring tubes in major veins.† Treatment of diabetes, like most areas of medicine, has changed considerably over the years as a result of technological advances. Because of technology nowadays insulin was created to help improve diabetic persons. According to a website called Diabetes Self-Management insulin is â€Å"a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas to help move glucose from the blood into body cells for energy† and â€Å"people with Type 1 diabetes lose the ability to produce insulin and must inject it.† Additionally, another thing on which technology has helped medicineShow MoreRelatedInformed Consent1247 Words   |  5 PagesLAW AND ETHICS | IS INFORMED CONSENT AN ABSTRACT CONCEPT IN HEALTH TODAY? | | This essay will focus on both negative and positive attributes on ‘Is informed consent an abstract concept in health today’. For this essay we have interpreted the topic as Medical staff in health care has to use abstract means, such as word books or demonstrations to promote patients having understanding whilst vulnerable for informed consent. | | | 16th November 2010 | | With the development of medicalRead MoreProfessional Values And Attitudes Of The Recovery Nurse Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the role of the adult nurse in a recovery setting, within the specific context of Nurse Joy and her patient Linda. It will explore the professional values and attitudes of the recovery nurse. Also, it will demonstrate how effective, holistic and evidence-based nursing can impact on patient experience and care. To explore these topics, this essay will discuss the episode of care given by Nurse Joy to Linda. It will show that her practice adhered to the expected standards ofRead MoreBasic Nursing Care in Pressure Sore Prevention Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental care of preventing pressure sores among high risk individuals in a nursing home setting. Search Strategies The search strategies to be utilized in completing this essay will be first and foremost choosing a certain topic from the list of action plan presented. The writer will select the topic, Basic Nursing Care in Pressure Sore Prevention as a learning need to cope with placement demands. Keywords like â€Å"nursing care†, â€Å"pressure sore†, â€Å"bedsore†, and† prevention† are to be highlightedRead MoreThe New Accessory On Your Wrist1553 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Nemeth WRA 140 Sec 11 Nursing Essay When the new accessory on your wrist is a hospital bracelet, it can cause anyone to be led down the trail to crisis mode. The emotions that throw a person down the potential crisis trail are caused from many different areas, but two of the most prominent are not knowing the course of action to feeling helpless towards the situation. Families and patients alike look for someone to make sense of the medical issue that they are encountering and during thisRead MoreThe Compassionate Care And Key Elements1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this reflective essay is to critically analyze compassionate care and key elements. Compassionate care is an understanding of patients suffering and placing patients them at the heart of care (Chochinov, 2007).The format of this essay will follow Gibbs reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) as a reflection technique to evaluate and explore. The care aspect to be examined is compassion in wound management. Cutting (2010) highlights that nurses are requi red to have a good knowledge when managingRead MoreCommunication Strategies And The Importance Of Effective Communication1632 Words   |  7 PagesRELATIONSHIPS. The aim of this essay is to describe the communication strategies that are employed during a section of an interview between the actress Meg Ryan and the talk show host Michael Parkinson. Firstly, the essay will identify the strategies used and analyse their effectiveness before considering what other strategies could have been employed which would have been conductive to a more thorough and pleasant interview experience for both parties. Finally, the essay will discuss the importanceRead MoreInformative Essay on Diabetes1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn Informative Essay On Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin productionRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Workplace Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesin the past is continually being replaced by virtual communication between people in modern society. Some students argue that there are a lot of opportunities by using web sites. However, others can say that there are also risks to consider. This essay will not only identify possible pros and cons associated with regards to engaging oneself in social networking as a student nurse, but also support with legislation and professional codes of practice followed by some of useful recommendations to considerRead MoreQuestions on Nursing Graduate Admission579 Words   |  2 PagesGraduate Admission Essay A.What makes you a good nurse? The most important features of a good nurse are knowledge, compassion and patience. These are the qualities that I have worked to cultivate in my career, first as an LPN and subsequently as an RN with an Associate Degree in Nursing. I have found that compassion, in particular, has been essential in my day-to-day work. While patients will present with an infinite diversity of cultural backgrounds, family circumstances, emotional needs and medicalRead MoreCommunication Is The Way Of A Nurses Role1498 Words   |  6 PagesReflective Essay Communication is the way in which people can send and receive messages. The Directions Service believes that there are arguably three components of communication; verbal, non-verbal, and para-verbal. It would seem that verbal and non-verbal are separate and defined methods, which subsequently links into the third component of communication, being the para-verbal method. This refers to â€Å"the tone, pacing and volume of our voices†, which arguably links into both of the earlier methods

The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Human Lives - 2176 Words

There is a widespread epidemic that is highly misunderstood in today’s society, and that is the use of cigarettes. Substances used in cigarettes cause many harmful ailments such as tooth decay, lung cancer, and heart disease. Nicotine, the stimulative chemical found in tobacco, creates a physical and physiological addiction that compels the frequent usage of the product - further allowing the destruction of numerous vital parts of the human anatomy. As a result, many people are diagnosed with fatal diseases and are condemned to a life of therapy or medicine with harmful side effects. Unsurprisingly, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including nearly 42,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure. This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every day† (CDC). This harrowing statistic reveals just how much damage cigarette smoking causes on human lives. Another ramification that is oft en overlooked is the resulting negative impact on the economy. Billions of taxpayer dollars are used to mitigate the healthcare costs and environmental destruction caused by cigarettes. For these reasons, cigarettes are a plague to society that needs to be resolved. There are many ways in which we can fix this issue, such as raising awareness in schools about the dangers of cigarettes, taxation, and rehabilitation. Tobacco, the main ingredient in cigarettes, is a plant that was used for spiritual ceremonies andShow MoreRelatedSmoking Is An Addictive Habit That Has Been Killing People All Over The World1123 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking is an addictive habit that has been killing people all over the world for hundreds of years. About 25% of adults smoke and about 30% of all adolescents use some type of tobacco product (â€Å"Smoking†). Statistics show that the majority of tobacco users began as a teenager, around thirteen years of age (Miller). The human population is supposed to have innate instincts to do all they can to survive and extend their lives, but individuals still make the choice to smoke and may not take into accountRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is an expensive habit. People who smoke cigarettes can spend as much as $2,500 a year on them. Smokers’ claim that it helps relax them and it releases stress but the negati ve aspects of smoking outweigh the positive. Smoking is a health hazard for smokers and non-smokers. Smokers should have the right to choose what to do with their own health but they should respect non-smokers. Many people believe that there are good and bad outcomes from smoking. I believe that smoking is bad and thatRead MoreEssay On Cigarettes Should Be Banned707 Words   |  3 PagesIf you had the chance to save your own life, or even the lives of everyone around you, would you take it? Choosing to light another cigarette is choosing to commit another murder and taking another stab at your lungs. Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths each year in the United States alone. Since cigarettes can be considered a mass murder, they should be banned. They are dangerous to smokers and everybody around them, and that makes them vulnerable to secondhand smoke. Smokers are more proneRead MoreThe Far-reaching Effects of Smoking Essay616 Words   |  3 Pages Smoking has far reaching e ffects on your life and the lives of others around and being able to quit this habit can allow you to live a more active life free of the desire to smoke. Smoking cigarettes are an addictive habit that is caused from a chemical that is in the tobacco called nicotine. Addiction is the word that is used to describe a person that habitually smokes cigarettes but the word addiction was not always used to describe such a negative thing. Addiction originally was used to describeRead MoreNo Smoking Bans In Colleges Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesNo Smoking Bans at College Smoking bans have become a new trend in colleges and universities. The effort is to making changes in the attitude and behavior of students to consider this habit as risky for a smoker, as well as the people around them and other environmental factors. Knowing the fact a growing concern is observed as harmful effects of second hand smoking are larger than that of first hand smoking. A smoke free campus policy will be a mere step in changing the trend of smoking and maintainingRead MoreEffects of Tobacco Use1283 Words   |  5 Pagesdestruction of a human health and body. Sadly, 19 percent of all adults in the United States use tobacco on a daily basis. Countless numbers of people currently in use of tobacco products attempt to quit their use of tobacco, but many fall short of their goal due to the addictive nicotine within cigarettes. This nonstop use of tobacco has been the result of more than 440,000 deaths per year of smokers with an estimated 49,000 of these deaths of innocent people exposed to secondhand smoking. States areRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicatedRead MoreE-Cigarettes Are Just As Bad As Traditional Cigarettes Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesnew trend hitting the market known as e-cigarettes, or â€Å"vaping.† Many people believe that e-cigarettes are better than traditional cigarettes, but research shows just how unhealthy and harmful e-cigarettes are for everyone. The FDA has not yet decided if e-cigarettes should be regulated like tobacco products. E-cigarettes are marketed to help people quit smoking and live a healthier nonsmoking life. E-cigarettes are meant to help break the habit of smoking, but why are there so many â€Å"toxic chemicals†Read MoreShould Cigarette Smoki ng Be Banned?925 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Fuentes English 1003 April 22, 2015 Ban smoking in the United States Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of diseases and premature death in the United States (U.S.), yet more than 45 million Americans still smoke cigarettes. The health threat posed by tobacco has been accepted by scientists since the 17th century. In 1928, studies linked smoking to cancer. In 1964, the first Surgeon General’s report on cigarette smoking summarized the evidence that tobacco poses seriousRead MoreTobacco Smoking1372 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is an activity that has been around for many years for people to use and adapt into their lifestyle. It is a tool that many people use to help reduce the stresses of life and put them in a comfortable position that enables them to cope with the hectic lifestyle they are living. However, smoking has been scientifically proven to cause many types of cancer, the most common being lung cancer resulting in numerous deaths across the United States. According to WHO (World Health Organization),

Cheung Hoi Chang (3259663) Essay Example For Students

Cheung Hoi Chang (3259663) Essay British National IdentityPS: The Lion and The Unicorn is available athttp://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/O/OrwellGeorge/essay/lionunicorn.htmlOrwell is a committed socialist. He went to Spain at the end of 1936,to write newspaper articles on the Spanish Civil War. The conflict in Spainwas between the communist, socialist Republic, and General Francos Fascistmilitary rebellion. He was astonished by the atmosphere in Spain: classdistinctions did not exist there and everyone was equal. He joined in thestruggle by enlisting in the militia of the POUM (Partido Obrero deUnificacin de Marxista), which was associated with the British LabourParty. For the first time in his life socialism seemed a reality. The Lionand The Unicorn was written by him in 1941 in the period of WWII. He wroteto the British public: And above all, it is your civilization, it is you. However much you hate it or laugh at it, you will never be happy away fromit for any length of time Good or evil, it is yours, you belong to it,and this side the grave you will never get away from the marks that it hasgiven you. He wrote this to arouse national unity to fight against thearmy in the war. Chris Waters is a professor of Modern European History. His research area is The Rise and Fall of the Therapeutic Ideal inTwentieth-Century Britain. Dark Strangers written by Waters, is aboutdiscourses on race and nation in Britain from 1947-1963. Orwell thinksclass division would disappear after WW II and thus there would be nodivision in society. Waters found, however, that although the classdivision disappeared, a new racial divisiofn emerged. Although this newdivision had a negative impact on racial minorities, it did foster aunified national identity amongst nation born whites. In The Lion and The Unicorn, Orwell describes the British charactersin geographical and cultural terms. Britain is a very class-ridden countryand it was very different in living condition between the ruling class andthe working class. Lower class people were used to the unfair wealthdistribution. However, Orwell believed that after World War II, thedifference between classes in Britain should be diminished and the evencondition should be made to all common people. The opposition and tensionbetween two groups of peoples should no longer exist. He is quite positiveon this aspect. However, there was a surge in the number of blackimmigration to Britain after World War II. Due to the innate reluctance ofBritish public to accept foreigners assimilation, it led to a domesticsocial dislocation crisis. In Dark Strangers, Waters points out that agradual erosion of national cohesion was being created because there was ahuge cultural difference between new black immigrants and native Britishpeop le. Black people lived in the quarters which were dirty and unsecured. The fears of unlicensed Black male sexuality generated anxieties for theBritain public about national safety. Even though government agencies triedhard to gain national consent among different ethnic nationals, the countrywould inevitably be split to majority and minority groups. His theory israther different from Orwells post-war social harmonious one. Both writers suggest that social divisions would bring potentialcrisis to the country. On the one hand, in The Lion and The Unicorn, Orwellmentioned But is not England notoriously two nations, the rich and thepoor? They lived in a completely different world but in the same country. The habit and interest of the people from two classes were also different. The huge isolation made the opposition between two classes which endangeredBritain to separate herself. Orwell reminded the British people that if thenations people differentiated themselves, they were not able to defendtheir country from the invasion of other countries. On the other hand, inDark Stranger, the division of the country is between white and blackpeople, from their living places: The cohesiveness of the national in-group, to step into the coloured quarter might indeed have feltstrange. But this rhetoric owed as much to Victorian representations ofthe dangers of the city. (Waters 226) Waters points out that the blackimmigrant was frightening the British because of its strangeness. Somewomen, they believed, had potential danger by insult done by black people. .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .postImageUrl , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:hover , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:visited , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:active { border:0!important; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:active , .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1c436e782a3e643b591e96898a2c5ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fine Arts EssayMoreover, the new culture will corrupt traditional British culture and theintermarriage between black and white was threatening because it breachedthe eugenic of the white British ideology. However, Waters raises the issuethat in-groups and out-groups relationship could serve to cement thebonds that tied British together because of the external racial blending,inner group people tended to distinguish themselves; hence, the nationalidentity could be sharpen neglecting the class division. In the light of WWII, all classes of people had to be committed andinvolved in the army to defend their country from the invasion of Germany. The distance between the two classes of people were shortened. It was aperfect chance that Orwell wrote in hope to appeal a unison of nationalspirits among different classes. He believes that class division should notexist after WWII, because small businesses tended to merge together intolarge ones; more lower class people became owners to keep properties. Thepeasantry was disappearing but more professional job functions had emerged. The expansion of middle class was a tread: The tendency of advancedcapitalism has therefore been to enlarge the middle class and not to wipeit out as it once seemed likely to do. The traditional class gap wasdisappearing. However, the new racial division seemed not likely to vanishas Waters mentions that immigrant is different from local peoplegenetically. People thought that racial mixing in Britain was leading togenetic chaos. as natural, socially defined groups, again reproducingnotions of essential difference between groups of people based on theirskin color. In addition, native British people would not accept blackimmigrants as British identity. There are three reasons: First, manyimmigrants did not possess sufficient British cultural background to becomea British and the custom is very hard to learn. Second, people prefer theirculture to be honourable and distinguished. They feared that the currencyof national belonging would be devalued if it were made widely available. Third, the norms that bound the national in-group together were somequasi-mystical qualities which are some wordless understandings. Theclosely related group just had an inexplicable cohesion. WWII changed the British character dramatically. Britain was isolatedfrom Europe and British people tended to be xenophobic. They did notwelcome foreigners and likewise, foreigners did not understand British aswell. Britain was a very strange place from other European countries. AsOrwell summarizes the repelling of British character:The insularity of the English, their refusal to take foreignersseriously, is a folly that has to be paid for very heavily from timeto time intellectuals who have tried to break it down havegenerally done more harm than good. At bottom it is the same qualityin the English character that repels the tourist and keeps out theinvader. Even thought he acknowledged that British dislike foreigners, he could notpredict the large population of immigration. However, after WWII, peoplechanged their attitude tried to accept foreign cultures. Much time wasspent by the government to research the racial differences and relationsfor increasing the cohesion of a multi-ethnic country. Moreover, theuniqueness of traditional British character has been mutated by foreignculture influence after WWII. Orwell comments the speciality of Britishcharacteristic:When you come back to England from any foreign country, you haveimmediately the sensation of breathing a different air dozens ofsmall things conspire to give you this feeling. The beer is bitterer,the coins are heavier, the grass is greener, the advertisements aremore blatant. The crowds in the big towns, with their mild knobbyfaces, their bad teeth and gentle manners, are different from aEuropean crowd. Then the vastness of England swallows you up, and youlose for a while your f eeling that the whole nation has a singleidentifiable character. .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .postImageUrl , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:hover , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:visited , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:active { border:0!important; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:active , .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308 .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65ab4038c9bb676257b84b02aadf8308:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PROJECT MANAGEMENT EssayThe change of national culture is discussed by Waters:they did indeed possess a unique national culture. On closerinspection, however, it seemed no more than a delusion: the onlydistinctive national character the British possessed was theirsusceptibility to the illusion that they had one, and a veryremarkable one at that remarkable as it might have seemed during thewar, a pervasive sense of loss seemed to ensue at the wars end. Because the diversity of British nationality immigrants has created in WWII, the binary opposition of ruling class and working class atmosphere wasconverted. The traditional class division, therefore, also went away. Race, observed from the course of history, could be a critical issueto human peace. For example, Germany used the eugenic issue to unify thepeople in the country to fight for their nation illogical. Britain alsoapplied Darwins Survival of the Fittest theory to create unequal statusbetween people which had deepened class differentiation. Thedifferentiation among different groups is inevitable. However, Britain usedracial issue as a tool to successfully unit all its own white people ofdifferent classes by creating a new division to the foreigners. Theimmigration functioned to highlight the British national identity. Nonetheless the immigration has also changed Britain from a homogenoussociety to a heterogeneous one, but it also victimized the ethnic minoritywho became a group to be despised.

Scientist Essay Example For Students

Scientist Essay Scientists and the products of their work are far from neutral. Rather than embodying neutrality, scientists are inextricably connected to the existing distribution of interests and power. White, male scientists over the centuries have attempted to use science as a medium for all their findings, which inevitably support their personal beliefs. In my experience, scientists are extremely intelligent, but particularly one-sided. Hearing the words scientist and neutral in the same sentence disturbs meafter all, scientists have tried to prove an unlimited amount of times that blacks are innately less intelligent then whites, and that women are innately weaker and possess less natural ability in math and science than men do . Ruth Hubbard, in her essay Science, Facts and Feminism, explains that, as scientists, our job is to generate facts that help people understand nature. Websters dictionary defines the word scientist as one who studies natural science. Scientists seek knowledge from Mo ther Nature, which David Barash views as sexist, to understand many things including the certain roles genders play in society. Similar to these science critics, I believe trying to figure out and define roles based on our biological make-up is immoral. It causes conflicts and biases that account for the separation between genders. Hubbard argues that the ideology of womans nature that is invoked at these times would have us believe that a womans capacity to become pregnant leaves her always physically disabled in comparison with men. This ideology, supported by male scientists, has affected the roles of women in society and the workplace. It hinders womens access to employment and influences some to believe that their place in society is at home (based on nature). Other scientists have also tried to prove that womens disproportionate contributions to childcare and homecare are biologically programmed because women have a greater biological investment in children then men do. My view on this assumption is that the cause of the disproportionate contributions is psychologically, rather than biologically, determined. Fathers might be more sensitive to their children than mothers, and vice versa, proving that scientists point about biological investment is not only obscure, but also invalid. I find no neutrality in that argument, nor in most of their cases. Scientists could be more neutral if they actually tried to provide conclusive evidence for some of their findings. Keller stated, The net result is that scientists are probably less reflective of the tacit assumption that guide their reasoning than any other intellectuals of the modern age. Scientists will arrogantly argue a point without evidence, showing that their point was quite possibly preconceived and thus hardly gender-neutral in todays sexist society. For instance, in the early 1900s, scientists proclaimed that men could fly if they flapped their arms in the same fashion birds did. When the public tested this theory, they proved that scientists were wrong . Also, in the 1980 scientists asserted that only homosexuals could contract AIDS, a theory that was disproved in 1983. Scientists are blinded by their own confidence and beliefs. In their world, everything is absolute, with no eyes monitoring society. They think that scientific language, because it is neutral, is absolute . This view helps secure borders that prevent criticism of what is believed to be objective science. Language, assumed to be transparent, becomes impervious. For instance, Emily Martins The Egg and the Sperm explains the gender stereotypes hidden within the scientific language of biology. The depiction of menstruation as a failure, and the femininity of the egg, while the process of making sperm is viewed as remarkable. The egg is passive and depends on the masculine sperm for rescue. This example shows biased scientific language, which is used by scientists to define gender roles in society. Scientists not only show their biases in their language, but also their products. They define nature and the rules in society to please their well-being and beliefs. Until they become less prejudiced, humanity will continue to view them as bias individuals.