Modern Day Slavery The Second Largest Organized Crime Essay

Human trafficking, also known as modern day slavery is one of the most profitable organized crimes in the world. As indicated by Farr (2005), human trafficking is the third largest organized crime industry. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes estimate that profits from human trafficking is $32 billion every year. From that figure a little over $15 billion is made in more economically developed countries. Some researchers agree, however, that human trafficking will soon be more profitable than drug and weapons trafficking (Bales, 2014). The use of drugs and weapons have a set utilization, while people can be sold several times, the profits made from trafficking someone can grow over time depending on how many times a person is sold. Modern day slavery is one the most worst crimes known to society. However, it is not just a 21st-century concern. The mass transportation of individuals from Africa to the Americas during the eighteenth century, has a strong history in the United States (Bales, 2005; Gozdziak and Collett, 2005). Slavery was intended to be abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, although it still exists (Bales, 2005). The United States is one of the main five nations where human are sold an abused for work or prostitution (Mizus, Moody, Privado, and Douglas, 2003). According to Franco (2015), â€Å"In the United States alone there are between 18,000 and 20,000 people trafficked each year, this includes both immigrants and U.S. Citizens† (p. 424). InShow MoreRelatedModern Day Slavery And The Second Largest International Organized Crime Industry2733 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Human trafficking has been an ongoing business that can be tracked many years back. Today it is considered to be modern day slavery and the second largest international organized crime industry. It brings in billions of dollars annually. Often human trafficking can be defined as the forced or coerced movement of people across national borders as well as within countries. Due to the increase of cultural and economic globalization, human trafficking sky rockets every year. Common areasRead MoreThe Issue of Human Trafficking1512 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies each day. That’s 2,880 eighty children who should be playing outside and enjoying childhood. Instead they are torn from everything they know and forced into slavery, sometimes to never come out. Slavery was not fully abolished in 1865. Over 27 million men, women, and children are enslaved at this very moment (â€Å"The Cost of Coercion†). That number is close to the population of Florida and Georgia combined who woul d be enslaved today. What most people today call â€Å"modern-day slavery† is the illegalRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Considered Modern Day Slavery1217 Words   |  5 Pagesdeception for the purpose of exploitation†. Almost all slavery practices contain some element of forced labor. Human trafficking is considered modern day slavery, with the main difference that the latest was legal. Sex trafficking and illegal organ removal are also part of this industry largely known as Human Trafficking. It is a business that generates, according to the UN 2005 statistics, $31.6 billion, being considered the second largest criminal industry after drug trafficking. Every year, thousandsRead MoreHuman Trafficking1315 Words   |  6 Pagesan advanced career, but instead were forced into prostitution? Many are unknowingly placed into this position by human traffickers. B. Relation: Human trafficking is simply a â€Å"modern day slave trade†. It transports and sells victims across borders, but also trafficking is the crime of carrying someone into slavery by force or fraud. â€Å"The victims of human trafficking are young children, teenagers, men, and women; they are trafficked into the United States from Asia, Central and South America,Read MoreSlavery And The American Civil War2377 Words   |  10 PagesSlavery has been a part of the United States since the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of crops (Slavery in America, 2014, p. 1). Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the fiscal grounds of the new nation (Slavery in America, 2014, p. 1). By the mid-1800s, the westward expansion, along with the abolition movement in theRead More Kolab: A Sex Trafficking Survivor from Cambodia 1562 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"They forced me to sleep with as many as 50 customers a day. I had to give [the pimp] all my money. If I did not [earn a set amount] they punished me by removing my clothes and beating me with a stick until I fainted, electrocuting me, cutting me† (Global Sex Trafficking 1). This is the real-life testimony of a woman named Kolab, a sex trafficking survivor from Cambodia who shares her story with Equality Now, a female human rights advocate organization. Sucked into a world of fear, subjugation,Read MoreHuman Sex Trafficking1919 Words   |  8 Pageschild: $50 to $1,000. But you can sell them each day, every day, over and over again. The markup is immeasurable. This quote from the 2005 Lifetime film Human Trafficking, however chilling and horrifying, is true. Human trafficking is the commercial trade of human beings who are subjected to involuntary acts such as begging, sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude. Human traffi cking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. No longer is this a term from the past, butRead MoreEssay on Globalization and Human Trafficking 1957 Words   |  8 PagesTrafficking in human beings is now the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. More than one person is smuggled across a border every minute which is the equivalent to ten jumbo jets every single day. And the trade earns twice as much as the Coca Cola brand. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitationRead MoreIssues Concerning Human Trafficking And The Rights Of Its Victims2092 Words   |  9 Pageswhom are minors (U.S. Department of State, 2006). Described as a form of modern-day slavery (Bales Lize, 2005), human trafficking profoundly violates the rights of its victims. Human trafficking is quickly becoming one of the fastest growing businesses of organized crime (United Nations, 2002).Bales and Lize (2005) explained that human trafficking is a means by which people are brought into, as well as maintained in, slavery and forced labor. These authors described human trafficking as the actualRead MoreAnimal Smuggling1402 Words   |  6 PagesANIMAL SMUGGLING Imagine walking through a American airport and you notice a woman’s skirt flapping up and down. At first thought you think nothing of it, but at second glance you you see feathers falling to the floor and two beautiful toucan parrots trying to make a last chance escape from the airport. One would think this never happens, but in all actuality these toucan parrots were drugged with dangerous tranquilizers and are a long ways from home. These birds are just a fraction of the ten billion

The Technology Of Chemical Engineering - 1641 Words

The Forefront of Science Many people have been known for their brains in chemical engineering, like Carl Bosch who is known for his work with high pressure chemistry. Chemical engineering is quite peculiar among the many branches of engineering. Other branches include civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and aerospace engineering which are mainly applied physics. Chemical engineering is unique in integrating chemistry with physics to investigate systematically industrial processes of chemical production. People in this profession have a strong chemistry and biology backgrounds.Chemical engineering had a slow start but has gradually became one of the most important careers for today’s day life. Organic†¦show more content†¦For example, a chemical engineer has to figure out new ways to get as much oil from the ground and as efficient as possible. This will determine things like how much oil is available for purchase and the cost of oil per gallon. When less than the average amount of oil is available the cost will raise per gallon, while the cost will decrease if the availability of oil increases. Engineers in this field are generally employed by large scale manufacturing companies. Chemical engineers work in offices and laboratories mainly, though they may be required to spend time in plants, refineries and other locations that either monitor work or solve onsite problems. Not all chemical engineers work full time, so that means working nearly full time, they obtain a median pay grade of 96,640 dollars a year, which averages out to them making about 46.60 dollars an hour, which is according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2014. The minimum education one can obtain for a chemical engineer is 4 years which would be a bachelors in chemical engineering and coursework along with computers, math, physics and sciences. The profession of chemical engineering is expected to grow 2% between the years 2014 and 2024. But the growth of this industry did not

Comparison Between Antigone And Sophocle - 804 Words

â€Å"I love no woman, for love is a serious business, not a jest.† (Marie de France). The poet Marie de France speaks of how love is a serious business, and in a sense she is right. In most ancient times, the husbands of women do not usually love their wives so much that they would treat them equally. The play, Antigone, by the playwright Sophocles is about a young lady named Antigone who attempts to bury her brother, because the king, Creon, doesn’t want to allow a traitor to be buried. When she manages to bury her brother, she is locked away in her family’s tomb, so she decides to kills herself. In the poem â€Å"Nightingale†, by Marie de France is about a married lady who falls in love with a younger knight. The land and the younger knight talk†¦show more content†¦He captures the bird that she told him was keeping her up late every night, but he didn’t give it to her as she asked. Instead, he â€Å"[k]illed it out of cruelty† (P g. 4). The bird in the quote represents the lady’s love to the younger baron, and when he killed it, he’s showing that he disapproves of it. Instead of just talking to his wife about it, he decides to kill a bird, and not just any bird, but a bird that she really enjoys. All to show to he that she is not allowed to love the younger baron. Even though women are treated poorly throughout the ages, they were also treated well by a few men, as seen by both Antigone, and â€Å"Nightingale†, but there still wasn’t much evolution. In the play Antigone, when Antigone is impressioned by Creon for burying her brother, Creon’s son, Haemon, confronts Creon about Antigone, Creon says that Haemon will never marry Antigone while she’s alive. Hameon shows his true feelings and respect to Antigone by telling his father that if she dies, then â€Å"her death will kill another† (Ln. 843). Although this line seems like Haemon is planning to kill Creon if Antigone dies, it is later revealed that Haemon was planning to kill himself. This shows that Haemon is willing to stand up to his father, the king, and to kill himself, all because if a women, which during this time period, did not happen often. The young baron in â€Å"Nightingale† too loved his lady, but not the extent of death. When the young baron hears ofShow MoreRelatedThe Themes And Summary Of Antigone By Sophocles1318 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Antigone â€Å"Antigone† is a tragedy made by the author Sophocles. Antigone starts out in Thebes in a post-war atmosphere. There was a war between two brothers for the crown of Thebes. The two brothers kill each other on the battle field resulting in one of the brothers receiving the people’s love and the other being labeled as a traitor to Thebes â€Å"Both brothers were killed in Battle.† Creon, the new king of Thebes, has decided because of Polyneices betrayal he shall not receive a soldier’sRead MoreSophocles Antigone: 441-442bc1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe period that Athens’ Sophocles lived in was a time of important changes to the traditional Greek ways of life. The most significant catalyst of change and concern of the period was democracy. From here stems ideas such as the nature, role and respect of and for the gods, and the individual. The drama of Antigone reflects these concerns in the context it was written through various ways. Athens in the middle of the fifth century BC was at the peak of its power. It attracted foreigners, writersRead MoreThe Prologue Of Antigone899 Words   |  4 PagesThis passage is an excerpt from the prologue of ‘Antigone’, an Ancient Greek tragedy by Sophocles. In this scene, Antigone is trying to convince her sister, Ismene, to help her bury their brother, Polynices. It is significant to the rest of the play as gives explanation to future events and establishes the characters of Antigone and Ismene and their roles in the overall plot. Additionally, the excerpt gives a strong idea of the setting. In the scene, the audience can infer ideas about past eventsRead MoreBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Every human on this earth has a bond to another. These bonds, as well as their significance, differ between people. This paper will focus on the bonds of marriage and blood, and their role in the plays Antigone and The Eumenides. How do they relate to each other? Is one more important than the other? How does the divine and mortal world interpret these? Through a review of the two plays and a comparison of their presentation of the bonds of blood andRead MoreArticle Review: Antigona: A Voice Rebuking Power by Margaret E Montoya947 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Sophocles (MLA) Article Review of Sophocles (Order #A2089239) The article I have chosen to discuss is called Antigona: A Voice Rebuking Power. It was written in 2007 by a University of New Mexico law professor named Margaret E. Montoya and explored a legalistic understanding of Sophocles play Antigone. The article detailed a trip to Mexico to see a performance of Antigone in Spanish, but also discussed the legal aspect of King Creons decisions. In the play King Creon acted in ways that wereRead MoreDivine Law Vs. Human Law1510 Words   |  7 Pagesseparation between the two. While good intentions were utilized in the creation of these statutes, it is challenging to shift the mindset of civilians who have worshiped religion above the state their entire lives. In the play, Antigone, Sophocles dramatizes the division between divine law and human law. Antigone personifies religion and the law of the gods, while Creon exemplifies human law. Inevitably, the disputes between the two ultimately result in the characters’ tragic fates. Sophocles uses aRead MoreUse Of Roles And The Social Position Of The Female913 Words   |  4 PagesS. Wiersma wrote the article about the women in Sophocles play. The author had explained the different types of roles and the social position of the females presented in the Sophocles plays. The author has raised two questions in the article on the social position of the female described by the playwrights and playwright’s opinion on the women’s rights. Sophocles texts do not explain that he faced any problem in characterizing two genders; men and women on stage. Many studies have researched aboutRead MoreAnalysis And Comparison Of Ophelia And Antigone1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis and Comparison of Ophelia and Antigone Analysis of Antigone Antigone s story begins in the middle of things as the audience is expected to be aware of her background. Antigone firmly believed that she and her sister were the final victims of a curse that was placed upon their family long ago. The rest of her family members had already paid the price of the evil, and it was, therefore, their destiny to die as well. As a result of the curse, Antigone, and her sister Ismene are destined toRead MoreCivil Disobedience In Antigone By David Thoreau958 Words   |  4 Pagesthe case of Antigone, in Antigone by Sophocles, the reason she does not follow the law is that not only does she view the law as unfair and not just, but the law hurts her more than anyone else. Antigone feels she has a burden to bury her brother Polynices, but he is considered a traitor to Thebes, and to bury him is a violation of the law. Antigone thinks that it is the right of every man to be buried, but the people of Thebes do not view Polynices as a man. Antigone must decide between what she thinksRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of The Understanding Of Love1576 Words   |  7 PagesCOMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF LOVE Introduction The definition of love varies from person to person. However, it generally means the longing or desire that we have towards something or someone. Love is something that is intangible; you cannot touch it though you can feel it deep in your heart. Biblically, love is an important virtue and thus we get to understand that as human beings we cannot survive without the virtue of love. As I Previously said, the understanding of love varies

Revisiting Recommendations of the Marketing Plan Free Essays

The key focuses of the marketing plan are as follows: Cooperative Marketing: Techniques to create additional market awareness for two companies in one ad campaign. Offering discounts to the partners customer on the GGI products Advertising on Internet: Ads can be put on other companies’ websites, as well, in the form of banners and other â€Å"clickable† type links routing potential customers to our website. Another idea in the marketing plans talks of merging the two points mentioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Revisiting Recommendations of the Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can look at different internet sites for cities and towns, such as their respective Chamber of Commerce and other such sites where new residents, who are looking to furbish their homes, might look to for ideas of where to shop and what products to buy. The companies already respected and listed in the Chamber would be suitable for internet cooperative marketing ad campaigns. Collaborating with Dealers and Distributors : Dealers and/or independent distributors of our products could be allotted a budget to advertise based on a percentage of their net profits for the last year Measuring the effectiveness of the Marketing Plan Jaworski in his definition of marketing control states the Monitoring performance provides one informational means to help planned marketing activities produce desired results (Jaworski 1988, p.24). Control theory assumes that management has a strategy and a known set of intermediary stages (plans) with which actual performance can be compared. Metrics selection is a key process by which marketing managers can learn to improve performance by adjusting the utility levels associated with marketing. Say, if a company realizes that the performance in one of the marketing channel is not leading to the desired results they can look at realigning their strategy and look at a possibility of investing more in the other marketing avenues. Philip Kotler lists four types of marketing controls (table 22.1, p.685): annual-plan, profitability, efficiency and strategic. These distinguish whether the company is selecting the right goals (strategic), whether they are being achieved (effectiveness or annual-plan), where the company is making or losing money (profitability) and the return on marketing expenditure (efficiency). (Kotler 2003 pg 685) In the current landscape the most important for GGI is to expand its base and derive maximum mileage on minimum investment. The challenge is finding maximum share of voice in the cooperative marketing and raise Profit/Profitability Sales, Value and/or Volume Gross Margin Awareness Market Share (Volume or Value) Number of Consumer Complaints (Level of dissatisfaction) Consumer Satisfaction Distribution/Availability Total Number of Customers Marketing Spend Perceived Quality/esteem Loyalty/Retention TO achieve this, the following metrics are suggested for GGI The metrics for each marketing channel at a primary level should measure the efficiency of each channel i.e. the ROI on each channel as a whole, be it collaborative marketing or marketing through internet each channel has a role to play in the marketing strategy and that needs to be tracked. Share of wallet in case of distributor’s can be a good tool to be measured here. Each element of the channel needs to be measured on the following items: Consumer Attitudes consisting of Awareness, perceived quality, Satisfaction, relevance, image/personality, perceived differentiation, Consumer Behavior measuring Total number of customers, Number of new customers, reference customers and Loyalty Accounting would include sales, gross and net margins, profitability In case of GGI the stated metrics can be applied on the marketing channels like web marketing, cooperative marketing can be evaluated on the ROI. If the ROI of any channel is not satisfactory then the reasons can be explored from the metrics mentioned in point two (for each element). Perhaps one or more elements are not performing as expected. A remedial measure of finding a suitable element can be done. For example if the returns on the Cooperative marketing are not up to the mark we can view the performance of the elements. If they show inconsistency in data i.e. performance of some elements is satisfactory and others is not then we need to look at switching the partners chosen for cooperative marketing. On the other hand if all the elements reflect a poor quality then the channel strategy needs to be re-looked at. Improving on Metrics To improve on the metrics GGI needs to take the individual cases. For Web marketing the company needs to consider the different pricing model for putting up the banners at different websites. These models can be pay per click, fixed time banner, output based banners. The company can also look at Search Engine Optimization, Viral marketing as an extension to the Web marketing For Cooperative marketing the choice of channels would be the instrumental. Also improving on the share of voice in the common advertisement is importance.   The choice of partner is very critical. The partner should preferable be a complimentary or a reseller of similar products. But the channel dynamics become critical in these cases. References Jaworski, Bernard J. (1988), â€Å"Toward a Theory of Marketing Control: Environmental Context, Control Types, and Consequences†, Journal of Marketing, Vol.52, No.3, pp.23-39 Kotler, Philip (2003), Marketing Management, (11th edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall    How to cite Revisiting Recommendations of the Marketing Plan, Essay examples

Foreign Exchange Operation of Mutual Trust Bank Limited free essay sample

In this regard an organization attachment at Dilkusha Branch of Mutual Trust Bank has been given to me a period of three months commencing from 1st August, 2010 to 31st October, 2010. During this period I learned how the host organization works with the help of the internal supervisor. The internal supervisor assigned me on of the projects and shuffled me around to educate me about the operation of a bank. 1. 2. Significance of the report This internship report is an important partial requirement of four years BBA graduation program. This is because knowledge and learning become perfect when it is associated with theory and practice.By this internship program students can establish contacts and networking. Contacts may help to get a job in practical life. That is, student can train and prepare themselves for the job market. A poor country like Bangladesh has an overwhelming number of unemployed educated graduates. As they have no internship experience they have not been able to gain normal professional experience of establish networking system, which is important in getting a job. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Exchange Operation of Mutual Trust Bank Limited or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, it is obvious that the significance of internship is clearly justified as the crucial requirement of four years BBA graduation.Scope of the Study Mutual Trust Bank Limited is one of the new generation banks in Bangladesh. The scope of the study is limited to the Dilkusha Branch only. The report covers the organizational structure; background, functions and the performance of the bank have mainly worked in the foreign exchange so my report covers all the activities of foreign exchange department in the Dilkusha branch. While preparing this report I haven’t any limitations the employees of foreign exchange department has helped me a lot and I have use both primary and secondary data which was available to me. 1. 4. Objectives

Qualitative Research Paper Example Essay Example

Qualitative Research Paper Example Essay Statement of research question In this paper I’m going to demonstrate my knowledge of the qualitative methods of research applying them to a specific issue – the experience of Chinese students studying in Britain. First of all, I’ll start with a general overview of the existent qualitative methods of research focusing on advantages and disadvantages of each. Then, I’m going to choose a specific method most applicable to the problem in question and justify my choice. After it, I’m going to describe the specific details of the use of the chosen method in order to make a comprehensive conclusion. Details of methods to be used Qualitative methods of research are a well-established academic tradition in such fields as sociology, anthropology, history and geography. It’s characterized by certain principles, and they are should be better perceived not only as a discrete set of tools and techniques, but as complementary methods which can be used along a continuum of overlap with other methods. The main attention is dedicated to understanding different perceptions, aspirations and interests and how these impact the information about facts and events rather than trying to reduce them to one vision of reality. For instance, men and women often have different accounts of levels of family wealth and roles in the decision-making in family. Different people often have different views on power relations within organizations or companies. Qualitative research addresses these differences as indicators of relative power and as likely explanatory aspects in differential results of intervention. Qualitative research is also heuristic, interpretative and inductive. It develops freely rather than restricts itself to initial hypotheses or problem. Every study begins with an intensive familiarization with the context, institutions and policies to be researched and progressively have an overall comprehension of the related processes. Due to the focus on understanding complexity the scope and emphasis on the study are continually redefined as knowledge various aspects of the process enhances and new issues are brought in the limelight. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So, qualitative methods usually comprise (O’Connor, 2004): Participant-Observation Ethnography Photography Ethnomethodology Dramaturgical Interviewing Sociometry Natural Experiment Case Study Unobtrusive Measures Content Analysis Historiography Secondary Analysis of Data Studying the specific problem – the experience of Chinese students studying in Britain – I decided that this problem is interview. Interview allows gathering sufficient amount of information while taking into account a variety of perspectives. This method is known for the fact it allows to collect the most comprehensive information during face-to-face communication. It helps receive trustworthy responses because contact between the interviewers and interviewed is generated. Comparing all the methods described above, I can make a conclusion that this specific method is most relevant to the study of the problem in question, and although it’s rather effort and time consuming, it can render the most accurate picture. Details of selection strategy For the purposes of the research, I completed a questionnaire. It had two parts: the first part covered the issues related to study, while the second focused on the issues not related to study. I include the sample of this questionnaire: Part IAre you satisfied with studying in Britain? What field are you studying in? What was the reason for coming to Britain to study? Is language barrier an obstacle to studying? How is education system/process different in China and Britain? Do you plan to return find employment here or back home? Do you find knowledge and skills received during the course of your studies sufficient to become a good specialist? Do you feel that university facilities (i.e. libraries, computer classes, gyms) meet all your needs? Do you like the professors and the way they teach? Do you think that the atmosphere in the classroom is open and good for studying? What do you like most about studying in Britain? Did British education meet your expectations? What was the major disappointment about studying in Britain? Part IIDo you find British people friendly and helpful? Do you find your fellow students friendly and helpful? Did you feel a cultural shock after arriving to Britain? Did you find the authori ties (e.g. school authorities or dorm warden) supportive? Have you made friends with British students? If yes, how quickly and with how many people? Do you usually hang out with Chinese or British students? Where do you usually hang out? What do you do? Would you have a chance to do the same in China? Do you live at the dorm or somewhere else? If you live in the dorm, what do you think about living conditions, regulations, and atmosphere in the dorm? How student life is different in Britain and China? In your view, where are students’ right protected better, in Britain or China? Do you participate in extra-curriculum activities? Have you ever had a British girl/boyfriend? Do you think that British society is more liberal when it comes to question like sex or alcohol? What is the best and worst habit you’ve got into while studying in Britain? Have you ever noticed any signs of xenophobia, intolerance or discrimination towards you? There were also certain ad hoc questions. Senior students were asked one more question about their perceptions of Britain, school, and student life changing over the years. After synthesizing the raw data, I was able to get the general picture. As for the issues related to study, students reported high level of satisfaction related to the quality of studies. They often cited the reason for coming to Britain to study: China simply doesn’t have such good schools like in Britain. Students were especially excited about the opportunity to choose subjects themselves. The majority of male respondents study in the technical or economic field, the most widely cited examples were engineering, business administration and finance. Girls usually study philology and management. The students were fully satisfied with the facilities their universities offered, though many of them reported that the most reputable schools in China also have good equipment. The education system in Britain was more â€Å"serious,† as some students called it. In China, the dominant type of higher education institution is the so-called short-cycle college, while in Britain universities prevail. Language barrier was (and is) a problem for many Chinese students. Some of the students confessed that they were inherently shy, language barrier being an additional obstacle they were often afraid of speaking out. In the classroom, they were often silent and inactive because of the combination of these two factors. They also noticed that the professors focused more on the stronger students than weaker ones, while in China it’s vice-verse. The professors were reported to be very friendly and highly qualified, and many Chinese students recalled one or two professors that were helping them a lot during the whole course of studies. Many students believe that knowledge and skills acquired while studying in Britain were sufficient to become good specialists in their field. The strongest side of British education, in their view, is its closeness to real life – professors use practical example and often have much experience in the subject. The overwhelming majority was confident of their will to return to China to make a career – British diploma automatically guarantees them good employment chances. However, girls admitted that in China for a woman it’s still hard to find a decent job. Therefore girls would prefer to stay in Britain or go to some another country to study further or start a career. Generally, the most depressing experience for almost all the students were the feelings of embarrassment and helplessness during the first days in college or during a new course. They also experienced same feelings when performed badly during the studies. Chinese students are very diligent and hardworking, and discovering that their knowledge in a certain field is scarce due to the differences in high school curricula was a very unpleasant thing for them. One of the students even told me about the concept of â€Å"loosing face† applied to this issue. This concept is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and entrenched in virtually all aspects of social life. This concept is used to refer to a situation of public humiliation, and that’s one of the worst things that can happen to a Chinese. Therefore, this sort of experience was reported as painful and depressing. As for the social experience, here the students admitted the existence of certain problems. While they never noticed any signs of open discrimination, many of them failed to integrate fully in the student life. Though many British people were seen as friendly, some of them were indifferent and reluctant to help. (Getting these answers was especially hard and I had to tell them many stories of me facing discrimination abroad in order to have them talking about the way they really felt). But they told that the authorities were doing their best to help them. As for cultural shock, many students told that they wouldn’t describe their emotion after arriving to Britain as a shock. There was much surprise and confusion, but very few dared to call it a shock. Those who had had experience traveling abroad before coming to Britain told that the cultural shock was much stronger upon arriving to other countries, like the US or Russia. The only thing that was strikingly different was the concept of privacy. Chinese students were not used to privacy and had to learn to respect privacy of other students. Students believes that the national character of the British was very similar to Chinese – same respect for the law and tradition, same emphasis on holding back one’s emotional, same respect for cool reason and reserved character. However, the Chinese admitted that all these characteristics applied only to the older generation – fellow students were most frequently described as â€Å"crazy.† Still, Chinese students reported hanging out predominantly with the students of their own nationality. Chinese students named many British buddies and acquaintances, yet â€Å"true friends† were still to be found among the Chinese. Few spoke about British girl/boyfiend, and that was usually a short-term relationship. Chinese students quickly adopted the lifestyle of British students – the most widely cited leisure activity was a movie and pizza. Again, it took time to get the students talking, but many of them reported starting drinking and smoking in Britain. They believed that the British society was far more liberal than Chinese. Students living at the dorm described the atmosphere there as â€Å"incredible† with parties and accessible sex. Student life, as the Chinese students reported, was more vigorous in Britain, but they told it was â€Å"badly organized.† While the emphasis was on self-organization, this approach often failed. Details of access strategy and role to be adopted Now I’ll pass over to explaining the details of the use of interviewing process. I negotiated access to different groups of Chinese students ranging from freshmen to PhD students in the most convenient way – interviewing students at the faculty and dorm. As for the persona to choose, I introduced myself as a student from another university with a deadline for the coursework approaching. This generated compassion of the interviewed towards to interviewer. However, I didn’t express any familiar notes, because one of the weaknesses on this researched method is that interviewee may distort information through recall error, selective perceptions, desire to please interviewer. Strategy for recording and analysis When the interviewee grants permission, the easiest strategy for recording will be video/audio taping. In other cases, it should be summarized in notes. Detailed recording is a necessary part of interviews. Carefully crafted interview guides with ample space for taking down the interviewee’s answers are needed. As for data transcription and analysis, three strategies exist. According to the first one, â€Å"the interviewer (or in some cases the transcriber) listens to the tapes and writes a verbatim account of everything that was said. Transcription of the raw data includes word-for-word quotations of the participant’s responses as well as the interviewer’s descriptions of participant’s characteristics, enthusiasm, body language, and overall mood during the interview.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) The major strengths of this transcription method are its completeness and a chance it affords for the interviewer to stay attentive and focused. The major weaknesses are the amount of time and effort necessary to produce complete transcriptions and the inhibitory impact tape recording has on some interviewees. The second strategy â€Å"draws less on the word-by-word record and more on the notes taken by the interviewer or assigned notetaker†¦This approach is recommended when resources are scarce, when the results must be produced in a short period of time, and when the purpose of the interview is to get rapid feedback from members of the target population.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) Third approach is used when there is â€Å"no tape recording, but instead [the interviewer] takes detailed notes during the interview and draws on memory to expand and clarify the notes immediately after the interview. This approach is useful if time is short, the results are needed quickly, and the evaluation questions are simple.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) I decided to use the second approach. I was taking quick notes during the interview and then summarized them, both analyzing and synthesizing. Discussion of ethical issues As for the ethical issue, cross-cultural perspective should be applied. The interviewer should remember that the definition of privacy and private information is different across the nations and cultural groups. The researcher should also be aware of the cultural references and sensitive issue every culture has. There are certain norms of behaviour the interviewer has to observe carefully while interviewing the Chinese students. For instance, the Chinese do not use their hands while speaking, and will be annoyed if an interviewer does so. The representatives of this nation also dislike being touched by unknown people. There is also a heavy emphasis on repressing emotion, so the interviewer should hold back the emotions while conducting the interview. As for deeper ethical concerns, the interviewer should keep in mind that Chinese people have great sense of collectivism. Therefore, they may be unlikely to share the information that can discredit the communities they belong to or to characterize them as antisocial persons. Also, the Chinese have great respect for authority, so they can be reluctant to speak their mind on the issues related to governmental policies or school administration’s decisions and actions. Therefore, an open disclaimer was made concerning the fact that the interview results were to be kept highly anonymous and wouldn’t be used for other reasons than scientific. A promise not to pass the information to the third parties was made. Conclusion In this paper I conducted the comparative analysis of different qualitative research methods in order to choose the most appropriate one to the study of the experience of Chinese students in Britain. The main advantages of this method are richer data and information about various dimensions of the same problem, opportunity to assess affective and cognitive aspects of responses, the chance to communicate face-to-face, be flexible, and explain or clarify interview questions. The weaknesses of this method include its expensive and time-consuming nature, large volume of information, often with a large percent of irrelevant data included, and distortion of information due to recall error, selective perceptions, or desire to please interviewer. Another disadvantage discovered during the formulation of the research strategy was the need to take into account a variety of ethical issues and behavioural models. I can conclude that â€Å"[i]nterviews provide very different data from observations: they allow the evaluation team to capture the perspectives of project participants, staff, and others associated with the project.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) References:

122 Tone Words to Set the Mood in Your Story

122 Tone Words to Set the Mood in Your Story SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In writing, an author’s tone is his or her general attitude or feelings about the work’s subject matter and audience. Tone words are used to help express that attitude. In this article, we’ll talk about what tone words are, analyze their use in several examples, and give a list of tone words with definitions that you can use in your writing. What Are Tone Words? Authors convey tone through diction (word choice), viewpoint, and syntax. Tone words are specific words that help express an author’s attitude about the subject matter. Words typically have a positive, negative, or neutral connotation. Tone words help authors show whether they feel positively, negatively, or neutrally about what they’re writing about. Here are some examples of tone words in action: The proposal is so absurd that it can’t possibly be taken seriously. The tone word â€Å"absurd† indicates that the writer finds the proposal ridiculous or silly. The politician’s speech was eloquent. The tone word â€Å"eloquent† has a positive connotation, which indicates that the author found the speech articulate and persuasive. Tonevs Voice Many writers confuse tone and voice or use the two terms interchangeably. In fact, they’re very different. As we’ve already discussed, tone indicates an author or character’s attitude towards a certain topic or situation. In nonfiction, tone words indicate what the author thinks. In fiction, tone words can help to set the mood, showing whether a particular situation or interaction is tense, happy, sad, etc. Voice, on the other hand, refers to the overall personality of a work. An author’s voice may be sarcastic, informative, friendly, or something else entirely. You can remember the difference this way: tone changes all the time. Voice refers to the character that a piece has throughout. Tone can change from sentence to sentence, while voice stays consistent. Here’s an example: In a young adult novel, the author has a casual voice. She doesn’t use a particularly complex vocabulary and her writing is very approachable. Within the story, the character experiences conflict and triumph. In the scenes where there is conflict, the tone words indicate tension. In the scenes where there is triumph, tone words indicate joy. The author’s overall type of word choice and approach to writing will remain the same throughout the work, but the specific words she uses will change as she describes different situations. Put another way: voice is how readers recognize you, the author, in your work. Voice is personal to each author and lasts throughout a piece. Tone words, on the other hand, indicate the author's (or character's) reactions to or opinions of events that are happening. As different events happen, the tone shifts. How to Find the Right Tone for Your Work To find the right tone for your work, you need to consider your audience and message. Start by asking yourself these three questions: Who am I writing this piece for? What am I trying to tell my reader? How do I want my reader to feel? Your audience will dictate the types of words you choose. If you’re writing for an academic audience, you may use more complicated language than if you’re writing for kids. You also want to consider what you're telling your reader. Do you want them to walk away with a positive or negative opinion of what you're presenting? How do you want them to feel about the information you're giving? These questions will help you decide what words to use in your work. Tone Word Example Analysis Let’s take a look at two examples of tone words in classic literature. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway â€Å"It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.† This excerpt demonstrates a calm, peaceful tone. Words like â€Å"settled† and â€Å"quiet† indicate the old man is relaxed and feeling safe. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe â€Å"I gasped for breath, and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly, more vehemently but the noise steadily increased. I arose and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations; but the noise steadily increased. Why WOULD they not be gone? I paced the floor to and fro with heavy strides, as if excited to fury by the observations of the men, but the noise steadily increased. O God! What COULD I do? I foamed I raved I swore!† This passage from The Tell-Tale Heart indicates a nervous, anxious tone. The phrases â€Å"violent gesticulations† and â€Å"heavy strides† display the rising action and contribute to the feeling of intensity. The Ultimate List of Tone Words These tone words will help establish the tone in your work. Tone Word Meaning Abashed ashamed or embarrassed; also, disconcerted Absurd ridiculous; silly. Accusatory a tone of accusation; to accuse of a crime or offense Admonishing cautioning, reproving or scolding; especially in a mild and good-willed manner; reminding. Adoring to regard with esteem, love, and respect; honor Amused pleasurably entertained, occupied, or diverted. Apathetic having or showing little or no emotion; indifferent or unresponsive. Benevolent characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings. Bewildered completely puzzled or confused; perplexed. Biting sarcastic, having a biting or sarcastic tone. Bitter characterized by intense antagonism or hostility. Blunt abrupt in manner; obtuse. Bold not hesitating or fearful in the face of danger or rebuff; courageous and daring. Brusque abrupt in manner; blunt; rough. Calm free from excitement or passion; tranquil. Candid frank; outspoken Cheery in good spirits. Churlish critical or harsh in a mean-spirited way. Comic funny; humorous. Commanding imposing; having an air of superiority. Conceited having an excessively favorable opinion of one’s self or abilities. Contentious argumentative, quarrelsome. Curt rudely brief in speech or abrupt Desperate having an urgent need, desire. Detached impartial or objective; disinterested; unbiased/ not concerned; aloof. Diabolic devilish; fiendish; outrageously wicked. Disbelieving to have no belief in; refuse or reject belief in. Disdainful expressing contempt or disdain. Disgusted to excite nausea or loathing in. To offend the taste or moral sense of. Disrespectful showing a lack of respect; rude and discourteous. Disturbed marked by symptoms of mental illness. Doubtful uncertain outcome or result. Dramatic of or pertaining to drama; excessively confrontational. Dreary causing sadness or gloom. Earnest serious in intention or sincerely zealous. Ebullient overflowing with enthusiasm, or excitement; high-spirited. Ecstatic in a state of ecstasy; rapturous. Effusive unreserved or unduly demonstrative. Egotistical vain; boastful; indifferent to the well-being of others; selfish. Elated very happy or proud; jubilant; in high spirits. Embarrassed to feel self-conscious or ill at ease. Enraged to make extremely angry; put into a rage; infuriate. Enthusiastic excited; energetic Evasive ambiguous; cryptic; unclear Excited emotionally aroused; stirred Facetious inappropriate; flippant Flippant superficial; glib; shallow; thoughtless; frivolous Forceful powerful; energetic; confident; assertive Formal respectful; stilted; factual; following accepted styles/rules Frank honest; direct; plain; matter-of-fact Frustrated annoyed; discouraged Gentle kind; considerate; mild; soft Ghoulish delighting in the revolting or the loathsome Grim serious; gloomy; depressing; lacking humour;macabre Gullible naà ¯ve; innocent; ignorant Hard unfeeling; hard-hearted; unyielding Humble deferential; modest Humorous amusing; entertaining; playful Hypercritical unreasonably critical; hair splitting; nitpicking Impartial unbiased; neutral; objective Impassioned filled with emotion; ardent Imploring pleading; begging Impressionable trusting; child-like Inane silly; foolish; stupid; nonsensical Incensed enraged Incredulous disbelieving; unconvinced; questioning; suspicious Indignant annoyed; angry; dissatisfied Informative instructive; factual; educational Inspirational encouraging; reassuring Intense earnest; passionate; concentrated; deeply felt Intimate familiar; informal; confidential; confessional Ironic the opposite of what is meant Irreverent lacking respect for things that are generally taken seriously Jaded bored; having had too much of the same thing; lack enthusiasm Joyful positive; optimistic; cheerful; elated Judgmental critical; finding fault; disparaging Light-Hearted carefree; relaxed; chatty; humorous Loving affectionate; showing intense, deep concern Macabre gruesome; horrifying; frightening Malicious desiring to harm others or to see others suffer; ill-willed; spiteful Mean-Spirited inconsiderate; unsympathetic Mocking scornful; ridiculing; making fun of someone Mourning grieving; lamenting; woeful Naà ¯ve innocent; unsophisticated; immature Narcissistic self-admiring; selfish; boastful; self-pitying Nasty unpleasant; unkind; disagreeable; abusive Negative unhappy, pessimistic Nostalgic thinking about the past; wishing for something from the past Objective without prejudice; without discrimination; fair; based on fact Optimistic hopeful; cheerful Outraged angered and resentful; furious; extremely angered Outspoken frank; candid; spoken without reserve Pathetic expressing pity, sympathy, tenderness Patronizing condescending; scornful; pompous Pensive reflective; introspective; philosophical; contemplative Persuasive convincing; eloquent; influential; plausible Pessimistic seeing the negative side of things Philosophical theoretical; analytical; rational; logical Playful full of fun and good spirits; humorous; jesting Pragmatic realistic; sensible Pretentious affected; artificial; grandiose; rhetorical; flashy Regretful apologetic; remorseful Resentful aggrieved; offended; displeased; bitter Resigned accepting; unhappy Restrained controlled; quiet; unemotional Reverent showing deep respect and esteem Righteous morally right and just; guiltless; pious; god-fearing Scathing critical; stinging; unsparing; harsh Scornful expressing contempt or derision; scathing; dismissive Sentimental thinking about feelings, especially when remembering the past Sincere honest; truthful; earnest Solemn not funny; in earnest; serious Thoughtful reflective; serious; absorbed Tolerant open-minded; charitable; patient; sympathetic; lenient Tragic disastrous; calamitous Unassuming modest; self-effacing; restrained Uneasy worried; uncomfortable; edgy; nervous Virtuous lawful; righteous; moral; upstanding Whimsical quaint; playful; mischievous; offbeat Witty clever; quick-witted; entertaining Wonder awe-struck; admiring; fascinating Worried anxious; stressed; fearful Tone Words: Final Thoughts Tone words help you convey your attitude towards a subject. Tone can change throughout your work as you talk about different topics. There are thousands of tone words you can use to express your attitude in your work. What’s Next? Reading The Great Gatsby for class or even just for fun?Then you'll definitely want to check out our expert guides on the biggest themes in this classic book, from love and relationships to money and materialism. Got questions about Arthur Miller'sThe Crucible? Readour in-depth articles to learn about the most important themes in this playand to geta complete rundown of all the characters. For more information on your favorite works of literature, take a look at our collection of high-quality book guides! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hayley Milliman About the Author Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. 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